Texas Tech University
Academic Writing (ESL-5315/Sec 001)/ Fall 2016
Analysis of Texas Tech Students’ Perception About
Black Lives Matter
Armando Maldonado-Rosario
Prof. Thomas Leverett
Submitted: December 6, 2016
This research paper discusses BlackLivesMatter (BLM), which is a national organization that seeks to reintegrate and rehabilitate the lost rights of African-Americans in the United States society. BLM as well aims to stop racial profiling, police brutality, and racial inequality in the United States criminal justice system. Due to the controversy that exists between BLM chapters and the Government of the United States, the academic writing course (ESL 5315) in Texas Tech University (TTU), created a survey to investigate how TTU students feel about BLM and issues related to it like the Collin Kaepernick national anthem protest. The survey’s purpose was not to carry out a social statistical analysis study; it only gave us the opportunity to learn something about the data and achieve this report based on the formats and writing rules discussed in class. From the data collected 83.8% of the students agree that blacks are marginalized and killed at the hands of the police by accident. On the contrary, about 20% of the students agree that the deaths of black people at the hands of the police have been by accident. This result confirms why black communities are so worried for their safety. Therefore, the BLM movement has left us clear that living in a democracy is not always perfect and the murders of black men and women in the United States are real, and it is a social issue that should be attended to in a more objective way.
Since 2012, after Trayvon Martin’s demise, BlackLivesMatter (BLM) started their campaign against police injustice on the black community in the United States. The BLM movement was created by three African-American women (Alicia Garza, Opal Torreti, and Patrisse Cullors) (BlackLivesMatter, 2012). Due to the controversy that exists between BlackLivesMatter chapters and the Government of the United States, the academic writing course (ESL 5315) in Texas Tech University (TTU) was tasked to create a survey to investigate about the BLM movement. Also, it sought to evaluate through the same study how TTU students’ perception is, based on the rest of the U.S.A. community’s opinion about the BLM movement. The purpose of the survey was not to carry out a social statistical study. The survey will simply be general questions on the subject, and such information will only aim to allow us to do the kind of academic writing to achieve our final report based on the formats and writing rules discussed in class.
The survey was distributed as follows. First, a demographic questions section was provided to relate (sex, age, and nationality) with the public opinion of the TTU students on the second part of the survey about BLM issues. Among the questions, our greatest interest went to analyze how familiar Texas Tech community was with the BLM movement and its objectives. Furthermore, it was also seeking to assess individual issues such as if the BLM is heading in the right direction and the Collin Kaepernick protest during the national anthem of the United States of America. Finally, it seeks to compare a study taken by the Pew Research Center in Washington, D.C. from February 29 to May 8, 2016 (Horowitz, 2016), with our study and get to conclusions if the community of Texas Tech is similar to or different from the perception of all Americans in the U.S.
Literature Review
BLM is a national organization that seeks to reintegrate and rehabilitate the lost rights of African-Americans in the United States society. Also, it aims to stop racial profiling, police brutality, and racial inequality in the United States criminal justice system. The founders and supporters of the BLM considered it a movement not a moment, searching for justice for the African-American society since its first appearance in social networks. BLM was created in 2012, after the death of Trayvon Martin, a young African-American teenager who was murdered by George Zimmerman (neighborhood watch) the evening of February 26, 2012 (Wikipedia, 2012). After the death of the young African-American, the jury could not find enough evidence against Zimmerman and decided to set him free due to the lack of proof from Trayvon’s family attorney. After this incident, many African-Americans have given the task along with its three founders to seek justice on the black population in the United States (Black Lives Matter, 2016). BLM since its beginning had intended to seek justice in a world where the African-American population feels marginalized for the simple reason of their skin color. On the other hand, it is important to know that the scope of this movement is more than just skin color. When activists of the movement used the BLM slogan, their words mean more than just words, so they are trying to deal with racial problems and find a way to restore the black liberation movement. As mentioned by the BLM activist, racism is a problem in the United States of America, and a peaceful solution needs to be found to restore balance in US society as well as freedom (BlackLivesMatter, 2012).
After its creation and the incident of the death of the young Trayvon Martin in 2012, there had been added some scenarios in which African-Americans had been killed at the hands of the police excess of power. Having noted some cases after the death of Trayvon, BLM has launched into the street to protest with more strength than ever in pursuit of justice. A recent case occurred September 16, 2016, when an officer shot a black male in Tulsa, Oklahoma. This case brought lots of controversy due to the excess of power on the part of the police, as can be seen in the video presented during the case. In the video, it appears that Officer Betty Shelby shot Terence Crutcher for no reason, since the man was not a criminal and he did not do anything that caused anyone to hurt him; he did not appear to intend any harm. After the incident, the officer Shelby was acquitted, and everything that they claimed was that they found narcotics in the individual’s vehicle (Dakshayani, 2016). After the Tulsa officer incident, BLM has kept working to get what it considers justice.
After having done some research on the subject, we found a comment about BLM on the Pew Research Center web page that we have found interesting, on how people feel about BLM and the way they are trying to approach it. The comment says (Horowitz, 2016), “I regret that the recent shootings of black men happened. I hope that those shootings are investigated, and justice prevails. However, my issue is with the Black Lives Matter Organization. If it looks at the statistics, there is more black on black killings than the police shooting black men. Why are not the Black Lives Matter Organization in those neighborhoods with high incidences of black on black murders telling them Black Lives Matter? Why are they not telling our young black men to show respect and do not run, resist to arrest when dealing with police officers. Have them videotape themselves acting like a legal abiding citizen and justice will prevail. Unfortunately, most cities have high black on black crime areas. These are the sectors that need the most help, and Black Lives Matter should start with them. Yes, the police have some bad apples, but we need to be smart when we encounter those bad apples. If the police took one day off, there would be havoc. They are here to protect and serve which most of them do well”. This comment presents how some people feel about BLM. Also, this comment has much information that helped to support it. According to FBI reports in 2015, there are more reported murders of black people getting killed by other black people, than blacks getting killed by police in the United States. So the question that arises is why does not BLM, instead of protesting, which is fine, begin by educating its communities about BLM, and after reducing their killing rate, then go to the justice system and express how they feel about law enforcement abuse.
In addition to how people feel about BLM this year from February 29 to May 8, 2016, the Pew Research Center did a survey asking Americans how they felt about the BLM movement and the results were as expected. The article findings were as follows: “Roughly four-in-ten Americans support the Black Lives Matter movement.” More than forty percent (43%) of Americans support the Black Live Matter Movement. From that 43%, there are 18% who strongly support the movement, on the other hand 22% who do not approve it at all. From the study, the authors have found that 65% of the supporters of the Black Lives Matter are black people. Among white people, 40% support it, while 28% showed opposition to the movement (Horowitz, 2016). As mentioned before we have the intention to use our survey to find out if Texas Tech students’ perceptions have some similarities to this study or not.
We believed that Texans are more likely to be against the C. Kaepernick protest for the reason that most of the people of Texas are very patriotic and C. Kaepernick is about not to stand during the national anthem. So, this action could be taken as an insult instead of what it presents.
We believed that people who agree with what the BLM movement is expressing are going to be more likely to say that incidents with African-Americans dead in the hands of the police have been entirely by accident.
We believed that the majority of the surveyed would say “yes” to the question about whether police stereotype African-Americans with crime more than any other race. We are inferring based on statistics provided by the Pew Research Center, where statistics present a high percentage of African-Americans and not African-American supporting BLM just because they feel that the justice system is not being fair enough in those cases where African-Americans are getting killed by the police in the United States.
We believed that a higher percentage of graduate students are going to be more familiar with the subject of BLM than undergraduate students. The reason to suspect that undergraduates will answer “not much” to the question about how familiar they are with the motives of BLM movement is that most of the undergraduate students are between ages of 18 to 22. Due to age, it seems in many previous types of research that most of the people interviewed about BLM are people older than 26 years old.
We believed that most of the people who disagree with the existence of the BLM movement would answer “no” to the question about whether BLM is moving in the right direction. The reason to suspect about this is that after doing research on the topic, it was found that most of the people who disagree with BLM were feeling that BLM needs to work first with their black communities about black on black killing rates and let them know that black lives matter.
Methodology
The course (ESL-5315/Sec 001), is about academic writing. The primary course objective was to develop a research paper, allowing students for whom English is not their official or first language to have a clear idea of how to prepare a research paper, and teaching them the rules that apply to optimize the writing content. Since the aim of the course is on academic writing, the reliability of the data is not as relevant or representative as it would be if the objective of the course were in social science. This technical report discusses Texas Tech students’ perceptions about BLM as one of the topics chosen in class (Social Media, Parental Leave, and Black Lives Matter). Since all students enrolled in ESL-5315-Sec 001 are graduate students and have a busy agenda for their research projects, the group chose to develop a survey to represent the opinions of the Texas Tech student population. In the process of getting the right survey to meet everyone’s interest in each of the topics mentioned before, every student after some research had provided several questions that he or she believed were the questions to get the TTU students’ perception to write about the results later. Then the group took the task to revise each of the questions several times, and some of them were included, and some others were changed or eliminated, but in the end, the group got a survey to study the perception of TTU students. The questions got certain information well and other things poorly, but we did not know that until too late. From all the questions provided in the survey, the interest was put more in the questions about C.K. national anthem protest and the relation between black people getting killed by the police by accident and stereotype of the African-American more with crime than any other race. About the questions for the BLM most of them were right, but to improve the survey for future projects, it should include more options to lead people to express themselves more about each of the topics.
Therefore, after knowing about the difficulty of developing a representative survey, we revised it several times, so that the results would show us better about how they felt. Once we adopted the final version of the survey (which was divided among the topics mentioned above), the group determined that 300 surveys were a reasonable number to represent the Texas Tech University students’ perception about the issues above. To obtain the 300 surveys, each student of the course received a minimum of 13 surveys, but we could take more than 13 if we wanted, and plenty of people did. The minimum 13, we all had to do. However, the rest of them were unrestricted; with them, we could get anyone we wanted, and some people got a whole hallway full of international graduate students. After they had been distributed, the group made an agreement with the professor, and each student had a week to get the surveys filled out. After getting the surveys filled out, almost 300 surveys were recollected. Now the question arises how representative is our 300 of the whole student body? In sex, males and females, we did pretty well, because we got about half of each. However, regarding distribution by the departments, less well, because we hit the engineering departments pretty well, but the law school and hospital not at all. After a week getting the surveys filled out, the group decided to use Google Sheets (software like Excel uses to insert data and analyze it making graphs). Each student was given the task of entering his or her surveys into the worksheet (developed by one of the Teaching Assistants of Prof. Leverett) with the purpose of making graphs. The graphs allowed us to make a more detailed observation of the data and get good conclusions about how right or wrong the hypotheses were from TTU students’ real answers.
Results
Throughout this section, the five formulated hypotheses are compared with TTU students’ perception to find out if our hypotheses were or were not correct. After a collection of nearly 300 surveys to TTU students, the most significant findings regarding the five hypotheses are presented.
As was mentioned in the introduction section, the name of Collin Kaepernick, a football player from the San Francisco 49ers, had been on the lips of everyone. Some of them (the fans) approved and supported Collin Kaepernick’s national anthem protest, but some others did not even want to see him playing anymore. Due to this reason we believed that Texans were more likely to be against the C. Kaepernick protest for the reason that most of the people of Texas are very patriotic and C. Kaepernick is about not to stand during the national anthem. So, this action could be taken as an insult instead of what it presents. In fact, national anthem protests should be okay in America due to the first amendment that establishes and protect the freedom of speech or any other way of expression. At Texas Tech University the data were found to agree with our prediction because 53.2% of Texans were in disagreement with C. Kaepernick protest vs. 30.5% who agreed and supported his protest. The demographic distribution of Texans is presented in Figure 1 in the appendix section. So we were right.
As mentioned before, the BlackLivesMatter movement started in 2012 after Trayvon Martin’s demise in the hands of his neighborhood watch. Even though Trayvon Martin is dead, the court found his killer not guilty, because they found the murder was by accident. So, for this reason, we believed that people who agree with what the BLM movement is expressing are going to be more likely to say that incidents with African-Americans dead in the hands of the police have been entirely by accident. In fact, the BlackLivesMatter movement agrees that the majority of the African-Americans that were killed by the police in recent years were all not by accident, and they believe that African-Americans are being stereotyped more with crime than any other race. At Texas Tech University an 83.8% of the students who agree with BlackLivesMatter movement also believe that most of the African-Americans that are getting killed in the hands of the police are not entirely by accident. So we were wrong. The distribution of people who agree with BlackLivesMatter movement and think that most of the black people that were killed in the hands of the police were not by accident is presented in Figure 2 in the appendix section.
Also from the survey, we were interested in knowing what TTU students’ perceptions were about black folks being stereotyped more than any other race in the United States. We believed that the majority of the surveyed would say “yes” to the question about whether police stereotype African-Americans with crime more than any other race. We are inferring based on statistics provided by the Pew Research Center (Horowitz, 2016), where statistics present a high percentage of African-Americans and non-African-Americans supporting BLM just because they feel that the justice system is not being fair enough in those cases in which African-Americans are getting killed by the police in the United States. In fact, BlackLivesMatter activists believe that the justice system had marginalized African-Americans, and they feel that police stereotype them with crime more than any other race in the United States. For this reason, we surveyed TTU students to know about what they think about African-Americans being stereotyped more than any other race, and it was found that 62% of the students agree. So we were right, and like the other graphs, the distribution of TTU students is in Figure 3 in the appendix for a more detailed overview of the results.
When reading about BLM, we found that most of the younger people that do not approve of the movement, were individuals with some knowledge about BLM objectives and purpose; because of this, we believed that a higher percentage of graduate students were going to be more familiar with the subject of BLM than undergraduate students. The reason to suspect that undergraduates would answer “not much” to the question about how familiar they are with the motives of the BLM movement is that most of the undergraduate students are between ages of 18 to 22. Due to age, it seems in many previous types of research that most of the people interviewed about BLM are people older than 26 years old. In fact, most younger black males and females are very familiar with BLM. After the survey, we had found that 88% of the graduate students had claimed to have knowledge about the BLM movement and 96% of the undergraduate students also had claimed to have knowledge of BLM objectives and purpose. In theory, we were wrong, but we have to mention from a total of 278 students, 82 were graduate, and 196 were undergraduate, so graduate students are fewer than undergraduate, but only 8% more of undergraduates are familiar with BLM. So, this could be improved to get a better representation of graduate students in future work. In Figure 4 and Figure 5 the distribution of graduate and undergraduate students is provided.
Finally, we believed that most of the people who disagreed with the existence of the BLM movement would answer “no” to the question about whether BLM was moving in the right direction. The reason to suspect about this was that after doing research on the topic, it was found that most of the people who disagreed with BLM were feeling that BLM needed to work first with their black communities about black on black killing rates and let them know that black lives matter. After the survey, the TTU community with a 62.3% of the students who disagreed with the existence of BLM answered “yes” to the question about if BLM is moving in the right direction. The result was quite different from what the Pew Research Center had found in their survey about “How Americans feel about BLM” (Horowitz, 2016). So we were wrong. Like all the other graphs, Figure 6 is in the appendix section.
Discussion
TTU students supporting or not the national anthem protest of Collin Kaepernick was compared with the what it was found in an article of the “TexasMonthly” (Pennington, 2016). In the article it was found that most of the Texans disagree with C.K national anthem protest because they are very patriotic and they support the flag more than anything. Our results agree with the “TexasMontly” results, and we got from our survey that 53.2% of the Texan students disagree with the national anthem protest, from that 53.2% a 25.3% support the BLM movement but not the anthem protest, so we were right. On the other hand, 30.5% agree with the national anthem protest and support it. Most of those Texans (30.2%) that support the national anthem protest believe and support C. Kaepernick due to the first amendment that establishes and protects the freedom of speech or any other way of expression. As Gregg Popovich, the coach of the San Antonio Spurs said to the San Antonio Express-News, he supports his players’ right to protest because of what the military does for us; let C. Kaepernick do his protest without being executed, that is the price that the army paid for us to live in a free land (Pennington, 2016). From the survey can be understood that most of the TTU students supports C.K. protest, but they interpreted the question as for whether they agree that it is worth kneeling for the anthem if you object to the government’s handling of race issues. On the other hand, if people got confused or do not support C. Kaepernick’s protest, they do not understand the first amendment or only use it when favors them. What we can learn from this results is that living in a democracy is not always perfect, but we should let others express themselves. Also, we have to apply what we profess and put ourselves in the shoes of others instead of being criticizing everything just because we do not agree or do not like it. We recommend that to get better results about whether people of Texas agree or disagree with the national anthem protest a better survey should be performed and the questions should be deployed in a way that lets people answer with more details the questions. Also to get the number of surveys to be more representative the sample population should be determined with a 95% or more level of confidence, this will make our statistics more reliable and representative. Finally, to make this study more reliable in the future, the surveys should be distributed in every department to get a better representation of the actual opinion.
The reason for asking TTU students about whether they believe that black people are getting killed by accident and being stereotyped by the police more than any other race was that after reading the article “Black Americans are killed at 12 times the rate of people in other developed countries”, We got interested in finding out if being stereotyped and killed by accident by the police has the same importance than being murdered in the hands of other citizens, like in the case of Charleston Church during this year (Silver, 2016). According to an analysis made by United Nations on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the United States of America was compared with other developed countries, and it was found that 19.4 homicide deaths per 100,000 persons are black people killed by another black or white. This number is much higher in comparison with white people killing rate of 2.5 homicide deaths per 100,000 persons in the United States of America. So it can be seen that black people are 12 times more likely to get killed than a white person. However, the question that arises is how many of these murders per year are related to law enforcement? These killing rates are homicides of black and white people without any other reason than racism (which is high enough to be a problem in the United States of America). So, for the people who follow and support the BLM movement and believe that most of the African-Americans are getting killed by the police by accident, it could be true but being murdered by a black or white and being killed by the police are of the same importance. The statistics provided by the (UNODC) about killing rate among the citizens is much higher than those few incidents of black people getting killed by the police, and those incidents can be accounted for a few bad apples inside the system, and any system is not perfect, but it can be improved. As a future work to improve the question about believing that those people killed by the police were entirely by accident or being killed because they were stereotype, we should also ask what they think about getting murdered by another black or white person; if they care and believe what BLM professes they should answer the question and put the same level of importance to this killing rate issue. Finally, they should know about this killing rate of white on black and black on black. Which is important as well, if black lives matter, and not being such a movement that only wants to find a way to be treated with benefits and better than other fellows Americans. As was mentioned before the survey should be improved to let people express themselves more about the issues concerned, and we should try to get the questionnaire to other departments to get a better representation of the actual opinion of the TTU students. So doing a better survey for sure will provide better results and the study could be done having more details. However has was mentioned before the purpose of the class is about writing, and the accuracy of the results is not of much importance and bias from the actual opinion of TTU students is accepted, as there is enough to fulfill the objective of this course.
Conclusion
The BlackLivesMatter movement has left us clear that living in a democracy is not always perfect and the murders of men and women of color by accident or not in the United States of America is real, and it should be attended in a more objective way. Also, with 83.8% of the students agreeing that blacks are marginalized and are getting killed in the United States, this confirms that black communities are worried for their safety because they are getting murdered by the police without any other reason than their skin color. On the other hand, about 20% said that the deaths of men and women of color in the hands of the police have been by accident. This sector of the population could answer the questions the way they did, for many reasons. Their answers to the questions could be true or not that they have just a little knowledge about BLM, but this kind of uncertainty in our data could not be measured due to the way the survey was done. For this reason, the academic writing course (ESL-5315/Sec 001) of Texas Tech University invites future groups to take into account doing a better survey. Also, they need to know that making a social study to analyze any particular issue has a high influence from the way the questions are made. So, our recommendation should be to provide more options to let people express themselves more, and with this improvement the survey maybe could measure some of the uncertainties found in our data. Finally being killed by accident or not, BLM should continue operating, and they should also need to keep their minds open to any chance to seek other alternatives that could be of best help to obtain its purpose.
Appendix
Thank you for filling out our survey! (Social Media, Parental Leave, Black Lives Matter)
Demographic Questions:
1. ___ Undergraduate ____Graduate ____ Faculty/Staff/Other
2. ___ Male ____Female
3. Age ____ 18-22 ____ 23-28 ____ 29 or more
4. Where are you from, originally? ___ Texas ___ USA, not TX ___international
5. Do you have a child/children? ___ Yes ___ No
Survey Questions on Social Media
1- Do you use social media as a tool for social change? For example, sharing news, film, or an article that you think is important for promoting social awareness regarding an issue?
___ Often ___ Sometimes ___ Rarely ____ Never ___ N/A don’t know
2- How much do you think social media helps you to have a dialogue with the people you don't know? ___ meet a lot of people I didn’t know ___ sometimes ___ doesn’t help/rarely ___ N/A
3- Do you think social media has a positive impact on your social life or a negative impact?
___ positive ____ negative ____ N/A, not sure, no impact Why?
4. How long do you use social media each day?
____ > 4 hrs/day ___ >2 hrs/day ____>1 hr/day ____ >1/2 hr/day ____ <1/2 hr/day
5. If you were allowed to use only one social media application what would it be?
___ Facebook ___ Snapchat ___ LinkedIn ___ Instagram ___Twitter ___ Any other ____________
6. What is the social media tool you most frequently use every day? ___ Facebook ___ Instagram ___ Twitter ___ other: __________________________________
7. What is your passion for using social media applications?
___ Checking news ___ Making new friends ___ Shopping ___ Other: _______________________
8. Are you worried about personal privacy being compromised in social media?
___ Yes ___ No ___ A little
9. Should the government take to protect the personal privacy in social media?
___ Yes ___ No ___ It depends
10. Do “likes” or lack of them alter your mood? ___ Yes ___ No ___ Not sure ___ N/A, Never use
11. When reading posts on social media, would you rather use simple “likes” and facial expressions to give posters feedback instead of detailed feelings and comments?
___ Yes ___ No ___ It depends N/A, Never use social media
12. When socializing online, do you find memories are easier to recall when social media posts previous photos and events? ___ Yes ___ No ___ N/A, Never use social media
13. Do you like it when Facebook posts my “memories” or old posts. ___ Yes ___ No ___ not sure/NA
14. Do you think posting violent scenarios in social media sites is controlled enough?
___ Yes ____ No _____ Not sure/N/A
15. What is your opinion about using social media during the class for non-class purposes? (choose the best) ___ always do ___ do & think it’s ok ___ do but it’s bad ___ try to avoid it
16. Do you think social media can be helpful for better studies? ___ Yes ____ No
If yes, how does it help?
17. Do you use social media to help you remember things to do every day? ___ Yes ___ No
18. How do you respond to conflicts in social media? __ Avoid ___ Stir up ___ Work for peace
Survey Questions on Parental Leave
1. Should a parental leave policy be made and mandated by the government? ___ Yes ___ No ___Don’t know
2. If you are working at a company offering paid parental leave, will you take parental leave if your boss and peers do not take it? ___Yes ___No ___Maybe
3. Do you prefer companies with parental leave over companies without parental leave when you look for a job, given that other conditions of the companies are similar? ___Yes ___No ___Maybe
4. Will you support a presidential nominee more than before if he or she announced a proposal of paid parental leave? ___Yes ___No ___Don't care
5. Do you think the presidential nominee will be able to actually make a policy of paid parental leave after he or she becomes a president? ___Yes ___No ___Depends
6. To what extent do you agree with this statement? “Maternity and paternal leave favors the economy and leads to investment return, as satisfied employees work better and feel more responsible”
1-Totally agree 2-Somehow agree 3-Neutral 4-Somewhat disagree 5-Totally disagree
7. What do you think the right proportion of the paternal leave is to maternity leave? (Assume maternal leave is 12 weeks and paternal leave 1-2 weeks)
___ Paternal leave is not necessary ___The existing proportion is sufficient ___ other/don’t know
___ Paternal leave should be extended ___ Paternal leave should be equal to maternity leave
8. Do you think that unmarried men would vote for paid parental leave?
___ Yes ___ No ___ Maybe ____ Don’t know
9. Extend the length of paid parental leave for pregnant women, and broaden the coverage of people to paid parental leave. Which is more important?
___ Extend the length ___ Broaden the coverage ____ Both equally important ___ neither
Survey Questions for Black Lives Matter:
1. To what extent does the #BlackLivesMatter movement disturb your peace?
___ Strongly bothered ____ Bothered ____ Not bothered at all ____ not sure/NA
2. Do you think police stereotype African-Americans with crime more than any other race?
___ Yes ___ No ___ don’t know/not sure
3. How familiar are you with the motives of the #BlackLivesMatter movement?
___ very ___ a little ___ not much ___ not at all
4. Do you think that #BlackLivesMatter movement is moving in the right direction?
___ Yes ___ No if not explain why?
5. Do you think racism is a big problem in the U.S.? ___ Yes ___ No ___ not sure/don’t know
6. Recently Collin Kaepernick refused to stand for the national anthem at football games. How do you feel about his protest and others like it?
___ Agree & support ___ believe in BLM but not anthem protest ____ No ___ Other
7. Do you think #BlackLives Matter movement will encourage violence against the police?
___ Yes ___ No ___ not sure
8. Some people argue that the Black Lives matter movement is overly exaggerated by media and thus not necessary. Do you think this movement by black activists is not necessary and that it should stop [ a] Agree [b] Strongly agree [c] Disagree [d] Strongly disagree [e] Not sure
9. Several media have reported loss of many black lives that have occurred in due confrontation with Police. To what extent do you think this is accidental? (5-purely accidental)
[ a ] 1 [b] 2 [c] 3 [d] 4 [e] 5
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